P0016 Crankshaft/Camshaft Timing Misalignment - Bank 1 Sensor 1-FFor proper engine timing and combustion stability, the camshaft and crankshaft positions must be aligned and known so that fuel injection and spray timing can be input at the desired piston and valve positions.
During vehicle manufacture, at the end of the line, or when a cam/crank relearn is performed, the system learns the difference between camshaft and crankshaft position in terms of engine degrees and stores it in EEPROM.
During the driving cycles, the current position of the cam/crank is monitored and compared with the value stored in the EEFROM. If the PCM detects a difference that exceeds a calibrated limit, a fault is detected.If code P0016 is monitoredwith the engine running between about 500-6000 rpm, bBattery voltage above 11.0 volts andEngine coolant temperature above 10°C (50°F) andEngine oil temperature above 10°C (50°F), aafter commanding the camshaft to lock the lock pin long enough for the lock pin to reach (greater than approximately three seconds).
Set conditions code P0016, tThe difference between the bank 1 exhaust camshaft position and the crankshaft position is greater than 10.0 degrees.
Default Actions:
- The MIL light comes on
- If the vehicle is equipped with the stop/start function, the system will be deactivated when this DTC is active.
Possible Causes of Code P0016:
- Incorrect engine oil viscosity or oil filter.
- Charred or contaminated engine oil.
- Insufficient oil pressure due to a mechanical failure in the lubrication system.
- Erratic cam position sensor signal.
- Faulty signal from the crankshaft position sensor.
- Faulty 1/2 camshaft oil control valve or spool valve that is intermittently sticking/sticking.
- Crankshaft Position Tone Wheel/Pulse Ring.
- Misaligned camshaft tone wheel.
- Camshaft 1/2 phaser.
- Synchronization of gear alignment.
- Camshaft sensor 1.
- crankshaft position sensor.
- Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
Diagnosetestcode P0016
Step 1. Look for an active DTC
Diagnose and repair an open circuit in the VVT solenoid valve or a slow responding DTC before proceeding with this test.Read the DTC with the scan tool and enter it in the repair order. Use the sweep tool to record the associated freeze frame data. Use the recorded data along with the conditions monitored and defined above and operate the vehicle under the conditions defined in the DTC.
Is the DTC active or pending code P0016?
Yes, go to step 2.
No, run themIntermittent PCM condition.
Step 2. Engine Oil/Engine Mechanics
Monitoring :The following items must be verified before proceeding with this procedure. Otherwise, misdiagnoses may occur:
- Motor mechanical tolerances out of specification.
- Engine oil pressure out of specification.
- Low engine oil level.
- Incorrect engine oil filter (does not meet OEM specifications).
- Worn or dirty oil.
- Contaminated engine oil.
- Incorrect engine oil viscosity.
- Aerated motor oil.
If any of the above conditions are found, repair them as needed.
Do any of the above conditions exist?
Yes, repair engine lubrication or mechanical condition (poor oil return, oil sludge, damaged oil pump, distributor or gasket, etc.). Run the powertrain check test.
No, go to step 3.
Step 3. Check engine oil pressure and mechanical condition of engine oil
Install the appropriate adapter on the oil filter cover and install an oil pressure gauge on the adapter. If the adapter is not available, monitor the scan tool oil pressure reading. Start the engine and let it idle. Monitor the engine oil pressure on the gauge or scan tool.If the oil pressure is below 14 psi or fluctuating excessively, it can cause a delay in the phaser camshaft movement sufficient to set a slow response DTC.
Is the oil pressure stable and above 14psi?
Yes, go to step 4.
No, repair engine lubrication or mechanical condition (improper oil drain, oil sludge, damaged oil pump, distributor or gasket, etc.). Run the powertrain check test.
Step 4. Check for an active condition by checking the position of the phaser cam
If the phaser cam or oil control valve is sticking, there could also be crankshaft/camshaft misalignment and/or DTCs for multiple cylinder misfires.
Is the difference between the actual and target value at idle greater than 6.0 degrees or is the actual value behind or above the target value? I stayed with the original camshaft, go to step 9.
Yes, the difference is greater than 6.0 degrees at idle, go to step 5.
Yes, the actual reading lags or overshoots when the engine speed is changed indicating a jam or stall, go to step 6.
No, go to step 11.
Step 5. Determine if the phaser cam problem is electrical or mechanical
With the engine idling, disconnect the 1/2 connector from the VVT exhaust solenoid valve harness. The actual position value of exhaust cam 1 must change to the locking pin when the magnet is switched off. The position of the intake cam should be approximately 117.0 degrees on the latch pin.
With the solenoid disconnected, has the actual value of exhaust cam 1 changed to the lock pin position?
Yes, check the VVT exhaust solenoid valve control circuit 1/2 for a short to voltage. If the circuit is not shorted to voltage Replace the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
No, go to step 6.
Step 6. Check operation of camshaft oil control valve 1/2
Turn the ignition off and remove the VVT 1/2 exhaust solenoid valve. Check the spring loaded control valve on the oil control valve.When not in use, the spring-loaded control slide must be flush with the surface of the oil control valve.
Press the spring control valve against the return spring with a small tap and then release.
Was the spring loaded control valve level and able to move freely without dragging or binding?
Yes, go to step 7.
No, replace camshaft 1/2 oil control valve.
Step 7. Check operation of VVT exhaust solenoid valve 1/2
Turn the ignition off, with the solenoid still removed, reconnect the VVT outlet solenoid harness 1/2 connector. Turn on the ignition, use the scan tool to cycle the VVT solenoid valve 1/2 on and off several times.
Does the VVT 1/2 exhaust solenoid move freely with no binding or binding during actuation?
Yes, go to step 8.
no, replace the VVT 1/2 exhaust solenoid valve. Run thosePowertrain-Check-Test.
Step 8. Verify that the VVT 1/2 exhaust solenoid can move the phaser
Replace the VVT 1/2 outlet solenoid valve with the VVT 2/2 outlet solenoid valve.Inlet and outlet magnets must not be interchanged.Reconnect the solenoid harness connectors, turn on the ignition, use the scan tool to clear the DTC in the PCM. Test the vehicle under the conditions under which the fault was defined. Read the DTC with the scan tool.
Did the DTC shift with the solenoid or did it stay with the original camshaft?
Moves with the solenoid, replace the VVT 1/2 exhaust solenoid valve. Run thosePowertrain-Check-Test.
Step 9. Check the exhaust camshaft 1/2 tone wheel
Turn off the ignition, check the CMP sensor tone wheel alignment according to the service information.
Is the CMP sensor tone wheel aligned correctly?
Sim, go to step 10.
no, replace the exhaust camshaft assembly.
Step 10. Check the alignment of the motor controller
Check for proper alignment of timing chain and sprockets per service information.
Is the timing correct?
Yes, replace the cam phaser assembly.
No, correct valve timing according to specification.
Step 11. Check for an erratic signal at the CMP sensor
With the ignition OFF, using a bench oscilloscope and a rear probe tool, reverse test the CMP 1/1 sensor (K44) signal circuit at the CMP 1 sensor harness connector.
Start the engine, wiggle the associated wiring harness, and tap the CMP sensor while watching the lab oscilloscope screen.
Does the 1/1 signal from the CMP sensor appear irregular or is there no high/low transition?
Yes, go to step 12.
No, go to step 13.
Step 12. Check the CMP sensor circuit wiring and connectors
Turn the ignition off, using the wiring diagram as a guide, check the wiring and connectors between the CMP sensor 1 and the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
Any problems found?
Yes, do the appropriate repair. Run the powertrain check test.
No, replace the CMP sensor.
Step 13. Check the CKP sensor for an erratic signal
Ignition OFF, use the laboratory oscilloscope and a rear probe tool to check the CKP signal circuit at the CKP sensor harness connectors.
Start the engine, wiggle the associated wiring harness, and tap the CKP sensor while watching the lab oscilloscope screen.
Did the CKP sensor signal seem erratic or missing a high/low transition?
Yes, go to step 16.
No, go to step 14.
Step 14. Check the CKP sensor circuit wiring or connectors
Using the wiring diagram, check the wiring and connector between the CKP sensor and the PCM.
Any problems found?
Yes, do the appropriate repair.
No, go to step 15.
Step 15. Check crankshaft pulse ring/tone wheel
Turn the ignition off, remove the CKP sensor, inspect the CKP sensor mounting area and the tone wheel/pulse ring for conditions that could result in an incorrect signal, such as: B. Damage, evidence of foreign objects or excessive movement.
Any problems found?
Sim, run oproper repair.
No, replace the CKP sensor.
step 16Check related PCM and component connections
FAQs
Can a bad crankshaft sensor cause P0016? ›
When the PCM issues a code P0016, the car may be experiencing one of these issues: Stretched or damaged timing chain or timing belt. Damaged camshaft or crankshaft reluctor wheel. Bad crankshaft sensor.
What does crankshaft camshaft timing misalignment mean? ›P0016: Crankshaft or Camshaft Misalignment - What It Means
A P0016 code means that readings from the two sensors are out of sync with each other. You can find out more about the cam position and crank position sensors here.
- Repair the wiring or connections to the components, including the camshaft sensor or camshaft OCV.
- Check the timing chain and guides and replace if needed.
- Replace the camshaft OCV for bank 1 exhaust camshaft.
- Check Engine Light Comes On. The most common indicator that the camshaft position sensor is failing is a lit Check Engine light. ...
- Poor Drivability. ...
- Transmission Shifting Problems. ...
- Bad Fuel Economy.
If the crank sensor fails, the computer won't know how to set the ignition timing, so the engine may stop running or refuse to start. Engine stalling is also a symptom, which can possibly trigger the check-engine light. The engine may run poorly or acceleration may be affected, as well.
How much does it cost to fix p0016 code? ›Depending on the shop's labor rate, this typically costs somewhere between $75-$150.
Can you drive with a messed up crankshaft sensor? ›If the engine appears to function normally, as before, it is likely OK to drive it. However, if the engine starts to misfire (you would see a flashing check engine light) then it is NOT OK to drive it all without risk of damage.
What causes crankshaft misalignment? ›The following are the main reasons behind misalignment of a crankshaft: Wipe-out or damage of the main bearing. Free engine foundation bolt leading towards vibration. Deformation of ship's body.
What causes a bank 1 sensor 1 code? ›Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0130 stands for “O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 1).” It indicates that the PCM has detected a potential problem with the oxygen sensor voltage (or the air-fuel ratio sensor) or its circuit.
Is bank 1 sensor 1 upstream or down? ›Bank 1 Sensor 1 means Upstream Right/Rear;Bank 2 Sensor 1 means Upstream Left/Front;Bank 1 Sensor 2 means Downstream Right/Rear;Bank 2 Sensor 2 means Downstream Left/Front.
Is it safe to drive with P0016? ›
It's best if you don't drive your car if it has the P0016 code stored in the ECU. It's considered a severe issue and needs addressing as soon as possible. Ignoring it can cause additional damage to the internal engine parts which can increase the cost of the fix significantly.
How do you reset a camshaft sensor? ›How to reset the camshaft position sensor? Evidently, you cannot reset a camshaft position sensor. Therefore, you will need to replace the component if your camshaft malfunctions (check engine light on, acceleration issues, sputtering and stalling, etc.).
Can you fix a crankshaft position sensor yourself? ›While the crankshaft position sensor is a pretty sophisticated piece of equipment, and you might be intimidated by the idea of replacing it yourself, you probably shouldn't be. With a good set of instructions, the right tools, and some effort, you can replace your crankshaft sensor yourself.
What is the most common problem with crankshaft sensor? ›The most common symptom associated with a bad or failing crankshaft position sensor is difficulty starting the vehicle. The crankshaft position sensor monitors the position and speed of the crankshaft and other parameters that play an important role when starting the engine.
What are the signs of a failing cam sensor? ›If your vehicle idles roughly, stalls frequently, has a drop in engine power, stumbles frequently, has reduced gas mileage, or accelerates slowly, these are all signs your camshaft position sensor could be failing.
What causes the camshaft sensor to go bad? ›There are a number of reasons your camshaft sensor might break down: grime and oil in the engine, water damage, bad wiring, and overheating can all cause a camshaft sensor to go bad. The biggest thing to do to avoid this is to take care of your car.
What happens if you don t relearn a camshaft position sensor? ›In rare cases the engine may misfire or go into “reduced power” or “limp mode” especially under high RPM/load situations Additionally, omission of the relearn process could cause the vehicle to be unable to pass an emissions test due to incomplete or failed misfire monitor.
Do you have to disconnect battery to change camshaft position sensor? ›Disconnect your negative battery cable. This should be done any time you work with sensors or electrical components. It may be easiest to remove and replace the camshaft sensor from under your vehicle, but it can also be done from the top by removing the air filter housing.
Can a faulty crankshaft sensor affect the transmission? ›A faulty crankshaft sensor is also used by the transmission as an input shaft speed sensor for the transmission to shift correctly. The sensor may affect shifting and also the way the engine runs. Your engine may also have went into failure mode if the crankshaft sensor is failing.
Can low oil cause camshaft position sensor? ›If the oil level is very low, to the point where the engine overheats however, yes. Excessive heat can cause a camshaft position sensor to fail. More likely in a "low oil level" situation is for the camshaft, lifters, or camshaft variable timing actuator to fail due to inadequate oil pressure and lubrication.
How much does it cost to have a crankshaft sensor replaced? ›
The average cost for crankshaft position sensor replacement is between $175 and $231. Labor costs are estimated between $93 and $117 while parts are priced between $82 and $114. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your specific vehicle or unique location.
What happens when crankshaft sensor goes out? ›The crankshaft position sensor needs to send over consistent and accurate data, in order for the ECU to calculate fuel injection. Sometimes when the data delivered from a crankshaft position sensor does not reach the engine computer it can cause the vehicle to stall. It may also occur due to a breakage in the path.
Can I drive my car even with a camshaft or crankshaft sensor? ›The short answer is yes, it is safe to drive with a bad camshaft sensor, but it's not good for your engine long-term. You'll likely see a higher fuel consumption and poorer engine performance the longer you wait to get it fixed.
What instrument checks crankshaft alignment? ›The Mechanical Crankshaft Deflection Gauge enables the user to check the bearing alignment and deflection of the crankshaft. The robust construction and the hardened measuring tips make it possible to use the instrument on all kinds of engines.
What does Bank 1 sensor 1 mean? ›P0131 O2 Sensor Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1 — What It Means
In this instance, Bank 1 Sensor 1 would mean the sensor closest to the manifold, on the driver's side cylinder bank of a V6 or V8 engine. The signal from the O2 sensor is used to determine fuel metering and ignition timing.
Typically, bank 1 is the driver side, but this isn't true in all cases. For example, BMW E38 7 series has bank 1 on the passenger side. This data is not stored as a regular value in OBD-II. You will need to research which side is bank 1 for the particular car in question.
Which bank is Bank 1 on an engine? ›What is Bank 1 and Bank 2? Bank 1 and bank 2 simply refer to either side of the engine. Check your owner's manual or a service manual for a positive location of bank 1 and bank 2. Most commonly, bank 1 houses the front most cylinder on the engine cylinder 1, and bank 2 is the opposite side of the engine.
Can you drive with system Too Lean bank 1? ›If a vehicle has this code stored in its powertrain control module, the engine of that vehicle simply will not run well. If the engine does not maintain proper air/fuel ratio, there will be a major waste of fuel and a lack of power while driving.
How do you fix a lean bank 1? ›A common fix is replacing the air-fuel sensor or the O2 sensor. However, replacing these parts may not solve the issue's root, since the code could be caused by a dirty or faulty mass airflow sensor or even vacuum leakage. The new O2 sensor may then be forced to read differently in an attempt to compensate for this.
Are Bank 1 sensor 1 and Bank 2 sensor 1 the same? ›In most cars, they are exactly the same between banks 1 & 2. In fact in a lot of cars, you could use the down stream sensors as the upstream sensors (this all assumes OBD2).
Which catalytic converter is Bank 1? ›
The P0420 Code indicates that your car's computer has detected underperformance from the Bank 1 catalytic converter. Bank 1 refers to the side of the engine that houses the number one cylinder. The opposite side of the engine is Bank 2.
How do I know if I need to replace upstream or downstream O2 sensor? ›A decrease in fuel efficiency can be a telltale sign that an O2 sensor is not performing as it should. This can happen because of a fuel mixture that is either too lean or too rich. Such a swing in A/F ratio is a sign that an upstream or control sensor is faulty.
What codes will a bad crankshaft sensor cause? ›A failing or failed crankshaft position sensor may cause the check engine light on your dashboard to come on. A diagnostic scan tool will show a code between P0335 and P0338.
What problems can a bad crankshaft sensor cause? ›Engine Misfires or Vibrates
A failing crankshaft position sensor cannot provide the right information about piston positioning in the engine, causing a cylinder to misfire. This could also occur from faulty spark plug timing, but if the spark plug checks out, then the crankshaft sensor is likely the source.
What causes the P0016 code? The camshaft timing is out of position due to the timing chain jumped teeth. The camshaft phaser is out of position due to problems with phaser. The oil has flow to the phaser is impeded from having an incorrect oil viscosity or partly clogged passages.
Can I drive with a bad crankshaft position sensor? ›If the engine appears to function normally, as before, it is likely OK to drive it. However, if the engine starts to misfire (you would see a flashing check engine light) then it is NOT OK to drive it all without risk of damage.
How do you reset a camshaft position sensor? ›How to reset the camshaft position sensor? Evidently, you cannot reset a camshaft position sensor. Therefore, you will need to replace the component if your camshaft malfunctions (check engine light on, acceleration issues, sputtering and stalling, etc.).
Can a bad battery cause a crank sensor code? ›A weak battery that may appear to have a good state of charge and crank the engine, but it can cause issues with the vehicle's networks including codes for loss of communication.
Can low oil cause a crankshaft sensor to go bad? ›If the oil level is very low, to the point where the engine overheats however, yes. Excessive heat can cause a camshaft position sensor to fail. More likely in a "low oil level" situation is for the camshaft, lifters, or camshaft variable timing actuator to fail due to inadequate oil pressure and lubrication.
Will a car run without a crankshaft sensor? ›The crankshaft position sensor is the most important of all engine management sensors, and the engine will absolutely not run without it.
How much does it cost to fix P0016 code? ›
Depending on the shop's labor rate, this typically costs somewhere between $75-$150.
Can I drive with a camshaft position sensor problem? ›The short answer is yes, it is safe to drive with a bad camshaft sensor, but it's not good for your engine long-term. You'll likely see a higher fuel consumption and poorer engine performance the longer you wait to get it fixed.
Can I replace crankshaft sensor myself? ›While the crankshaft position sensor is a pretty sophisticated piece of equipment, and you might be intimidated by the idea of replacing it yourself, you probably shouldn't be. With a good set of instructions, the right tools, and some effort, you can replace your crankshaft sensor yourself.
How do you reset a crankshaft sensor? ›- Turn off all of the accessories. ...
- Accelerate the vehicle to 55 mph at part throttle. ...
- Cruise at 55 mph for another 5-6 minutes.
- Decelerate to 45 mph without using the brakes, and maintain 45 mph for 1 minute.
- Perform 4 deceleration cycles, without using the brakes, of 25 seconds each where no specific speed is necessary.